To gain a performance boost and avoid reallocation of frequently used integers, Python creates singleton instances of small integer values and uses them by reference. (more…)

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Constant-factor differences are frequently ignored when analyzing the complexity of algorithms and implementations, as they appear to be insignificant in practice In this paper, we demonstrate that this assumption can in fact have far more profound implic... (more…)

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The purpose of this task to code and validate an implementation of the MD5 Message Digest Algorithm by coding the algorithm directly (not using a call to a built-in or external hashing library). For details of the algorithm refer to MD5 on Wikipedia or th... (more…)